The LEAF earned an 89% rating for adult safety, 83% for child protection and 84% for its on-board safety systems, while pedestrian safety was scored at 65%. Euro NCAP noted that the car’s lithium ion batteries, which were live during the impact, didn’t cause any electrical hazards and said the automatic cut-off passed the test.

Lexus also scored highly with its CT200h compact hybrid, which earned 94% for adult protection, 84% for children and 86% for its safety system performance. The CT also earned 55% for pedestrian safety, marked down for the shape of the leading edge of the bonnet and lack of head protection.